kl-int¶
Integer view
Canonical: kernlens-int
Category: bit & integer primitives
Synopsis: kl-int [-h] value [width]
Shows one value as signed and unsigned at 8/16/32/64 bits, reports which widths it fits in, and dumps its little- and big-endian byte layouts.
Options¶
| Option | Argument | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| — | integer to inspect | |
| (optional) | width in bits: 8, 16, 32, or 64 (default 64) |
Default width¶
Invocation¶
Output¶
value: 255 hex=0x00000000000000ff 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000000011111111
view: unsigned=255 signed=255 in_u=True in_i=True
range: U64[0..18446744073709551615] I64[-9223372036854775808..9223372036854775807]
LE bytes: ff 00 00 00 00 00 00 00
BE bytes: 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 ff
Reading it¶
view: gives the unsigned and signed readings plus in_u/in_i, which say whether the value fits the width as unsigned and as signed. range: prints the full U64 and I64 bounds. LE bytes and BE bytes are the same value in memory order and network order, which is the quickest way to spot a byte-order bug: on x86 the little-endian form is what a memory dump shows.
A specific width¶
Invocation¶
Output¶
value: 4660 hex=0x1234 0001001000110100
view: unsigned=4660 signed=4660 in_u=True in_i=True
range: U16[0..65535] I16[-32768..32767]
LE bytes: 34 12
BE bytes: 12 34
Reading it¶
The second argument restricts the analysis to that width, so the signed/unsigned split and the range: line describe 16-bit integers rather than 64-bit ones.
A negative value¶
Invocation¶
Output¶
value: -1 hex=0xffffffff 11111111111111111111111111111111
view: unsigned=4294967295 signed=-1 in_u=False in_i=True
range: U32[0..4294967295] I32[-2147483648..2147483647]
LE bytes: ff ff ff ff
BE bytes: ff ff ff ff
Reading it¶
A negative value is interpreted as two's complement and masked to the width, so -1 at 32 bits is 0xffffffff, unsigned 4294967295, signed -1. This is the case where the four views differ most, and the reason the command reports all of them instead of picking one.
Notes¶
Only 8, 16, 32 and 64 are accepted as widths; anything else is rejected with the list, because an arbitrary width would make the byte dumps ambiguous.
Part of the KernLens tutorial. Every output block on this page was captured from the kernel described in the tutorial index.